1. What are some typical adaptations for these animals,
Lack of pigmentation
Reduction in the size of eyes (or absence of eyes altogether)
Development of sensory mechanisms that do not depend on light for detecting food or predators
2. Why is o2 not plentiful in caves, and how do creatures deal with the lack of o2?
Many of these animals also have adaptations that reduce the need for oxygen. This is because anchialine caves (or coastal caves flooded with seawater) tend to be oxygen-depleted because there is no photosynthesis and very limited water circulation in the caves. These adaptations may be behavioral, morphological, or physiological:
Behavioral adaptations include swimming slowly or intermittently while searching for food and reduced territorial or antagonistic behavior.
Morphological adaptations include increasing the size of sensory body parts that do not require light and may also include reducing energy requirements by eliminating unused body parts (e.g., eyes and pigments) and reducing the overall physical size of the organism.
Physiological adaptations include lower metabolic rates and accumulation of lipids which contain about twice as much energy per gram as proteins or carbohydrates. Lipids also increase buoyancy and can reduce the energy required for swimming.
3. Why do adaptations occur?
Adaptations do not happen because an animal “wants to adapt” or “needs to adapt.” Adaptations happen as random events, and if they provide an advantage, the organism is more likely to survive and reproduce than other organisms with these same adaptations.
Bathymetry: what is it (define the word)? What’s the difference between a bathymetric map and a topographic map? Bathymetric map shows the equal depth and Topographic shows the equal height
How did Oceanographers map the ocean floor in the past, and what were the results?
past they tied a rope to a rock and threw in the ocean and measure the rope when it hit the bottom.
How do oceanographers map the oceans now, and how accurate and effective is this method?
Now we use echo sound machines which is limited accurate cause ship movement
Why are multibeam echo sounders so effective?
They are effective because they correct movements of the boats. An example that made this possible was The Hawaii-Emperor Seamount chain.
What’s an example of an underwater discovery that was made possible by multibeam echo sounders?same as 4
Why do oceanographers map the oceans below the surface? Why is this important to society? Oceanographers map it so that we can protect marine environments and it is important to society for support safe navigation.
NOAA: who are they, and what do they do?
_ The National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration.
_They focus on the conditions of the oceans and atmosphere.
2. The intensity of a sonar echo tells scientists what?
_ The depth of the ocean floor and the characteristics of the sea floor.
3. How does an R.O.V. assist scientists?
_ They understand sonar data.
4. Why are these studies important to society?
_ It is important to map where the fishes are and by protecting the habitat.
1. What exactly was described as "the biggest biological discovery on Earth?"
Hydrothermal vents in the depth of the ocean.
2. Where in the oceans was the discovery made?
250 ml off the coast of galpogos.
3. What was “interesting” about Tube Worms?
when you cut them they bleed like human blood substance.
4. How are species able to survive without sunlight? (What’s the process, if it’s not photosynthesis)
Kemosynthesis.
5. Where on Earth are hydrothermal vents located?
All around the earth.
